Lypemania
        Mad'lle C., twenty-three years of age, is brought to the Salpêtrière June 8th, 1812.  In stature she is of medium size, her hair and eyes are black, the eyebrows very thick, and approximate clsoely at the root of the nose; her look is fixed upon the ground, her physignomy expressive of fear, her habit of body lean, and her skin brown. We observe some scorbutic spots on the lower extremities. the hands and feet, always very cold, are of a purplish red; the pulse is slow, and very feeble: constipation, which ordinarily very obstinate, is sometimes replaced by a dirrhoea; secretion of urine is scanty. She utters not a word, refuses every kind of movement, and persists obstinately in confining herself to bed. We have recourse to various means, to induce her to take nourishment. Affusions of cold water triumph over this repugnance, and she eats more readily. However, she manifests at times, her unwillingness to take nourishement, though with less obstinacy. For the four years that this woman has been in the house, but few words have escaped her, which,however, have indicated to us, that fear absorbed all her faculties. She formerly lived in the country, and had been excessively frightened by soldiers. We have to oblige her to leave her bed, when, so soon  as dressed, she sits down on a bench, always in the same place, her attitude remaining the same; her head inclined to the left side of the chest, the arms crossed, resting upon the knees, and her eyes turned fixedly towards the sun. She remains thus, without moving, or uttering a 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

word during during the whole day. At meal time, she does not go for her food, but it is necessary to bring it to her, and press her to partake of it. She never changes her position to do this, and uses only the arm and hand of the right side. If any one approaches the patient or speaks to her; if they interrogate or exhort her; her countenance becomes slightly flushed, and sometimes she turns her eyes aside, but never speaks. It is necessary to inform her when it is time to retire; when she undresses, gathers herself up in bed, and envelpes her person entirely in the coverings. Menstruration is irregular and scanty; and is suppressed for six months. We never succeeded in overcoming the silence of this female, nor her aversion to motion. She never had an attack of fury, and died of phthisis at the age of twenty-nine years [Esquirol, 1845/1965, 203-4].